Connection Between School Culture and Leadership Styles :: Leadership

There is a connection between school culture and leadership styles. The literature review will also address the two basic categories of leadership. According to Cox (2001), there are two basic categories of leadership which are transactional and transformational. The following scholars (Barnett, McCormick & Conners, 2001) made the distinction between transactional and transformational leadership. James McGregor Burns’ (1998) introduces Burns the difference between ordinary (transactional) and extraordinary (transformational) leaders. According to James McGregor Burns’ (1998) transactional leaders exchanged tangible rewards for the work and loyalty of followers, and (transformational) leaders are the ones who engaged with followers. Additionally, the focused on higher order intrinsic needs, and raised consciousness about the significance of specific outcomes. (Bernard Bass, 2003) introduces the conception of transactional and transformational leadership. He states that they are separate concepts and that good leaders demonstrate characteristics of both. Bass (1990b, p. 21) states that Transformational leadership fosters capacity development and brings higher levels of personal commitment amongst followers. However, transformational leadership occurs when leaders broaden and elevate the interests of their employees. (Kelly, 2003; Yukl, 1989) asserts that Transformational leaders elevate people from low levels of need. Transformational leaders are said to create trust, admiration, loyalty and respect amongst their followers (Barbuto, 2005, p. 28). (Rice, 1993) determines that Transformational leadership is also based on self-reflective changing of values and beliefs by the leader and their followers. From this emerges a key characteristic of transformational leadership. According to Gronn (1996) the literature in educational leadership offers no single conception of the processes that constitute transformational leadership. Gronn (1996) makes emphasis on the close relationship between charismatic and transformational leadership. He point out the absence of notions of charisma in some work transformational leadership. (Leithwood & Jantzi, 2000) introduce the four main factors that make up transformational leadership whereas. They introduce the four main factors which are: 1.) Idealized influence, 2.) Inspirational motivation, 3.) Intellectual stimulation, 4.) Individualized consideration. The Additive Effect of Transformational Leadership supports these four main factors Hall, Johnson, Wysocki and Kepner (2002, p. 2). It will very important to evaluate the four main factors and the effect they can have when dealing with the topic of discussion which is the role of the principal in shaping school culture.

“Is the technology accelerating to collapse the society?” Essay

I There was a time when people used to live a very miserable life and had to work hard in the fields to produce food for themselves. But for the last hundred years or so our quality of life has been gradually improving and today we have sophisticated machines that can do all that hard work for us and make our existence relatively easy and comfortable. Without a doubt, we owe this all to the fast development of our technology. However, the growth of technology has been made possible due to cheap energy which started to be available a little less than three hundred years ago when fossil fuels came into use. Thanks to this abundant and relatively cheap energy provided by fossil fuels humans have been able to exploit a rich variety of resources which created favorable conditions for the development of technology and improved their quality of life. Fossil-driven technology has particularly contributed to â€Å"the development of mechanized agriculture† which has allowed an insignificant number of farmers to â€Å"work vast tracts of land† and produce food in abundance. Sufficient amounts of food have led to â€Å"a wild growth of population†: around 1800 world population was one billion; by 1930 it reached two billion; by the beginning of the 1960s it was three billion; in 1975 – four billion; in 1986 – five billion; and the world’s present population is approaching six billion. In other words, the progress of our society has been based on the development of fossil-driven technology. But the exhaustion of fossil fuels is not far off and there is no other energy source which would be abundant and cheap enough to replace them. It means that our society as we know it today is likely to collapse. (Price, David. Energy and Human Evolution) â€Å"The Age of Exuberance is over, population has already overshot carrying capacity, and prodigal Homo sapiens has drawn down the world’s savings deposits. † (Catton, William. Industrialization: Prelude to Collapse) II Throughout human history many societies have prospered and collapsed; their collapses have direct relevance to the problems we face today. The ancient Maya, for example, were one of the most powerful and advanced societies of the past. Eighty percent of Maya society consisted of peasants who practised intensive slash and burn agriculture, growing mostly corn. (Heinberg, Richard. Meditations on Collapse) During the Classic period of Maya history which arose around A. D. 250 the Maya population â€Å"increased almost exponentially† and reached the highest numbers in â€Å"Page # 2† the eighth century A. D. (Diamond, Jared. The Last Americans. Environmental Collapse and the End of Civilization) One reason why the ancient Maya collapsed was population growth which outstripped available resources. While Maya population was steadily increasing, the area of farmland was decreasing as a result of â€Å"deforestation and hillside erosion†. Another reason was constant warfare which peaked before the collapse as more and more Maya people had to fight over fewer resources. These problems were also exacerbated by a series of droughts. And the final reason for the Classic Maya collapse was political. The coming crisis was not recognized and responded to by the kings and nobles. It can be explained by the fact that the Maya elite remained fixated â€Å"on the short-term concerns of enriching themselves, waging wars, erecting monuments, competing with one another, and extracting enough food from the peasants to support all those activities†, and did not focused on long-term problems. (Diamond, Jared) they did not â€Å"have the leisure to focus on long-term problems, insofar as they perceived them† Today there are many signs of the above-mentioned strands in the United States, the world’s leading power, which is also at the peak of its power and is suffering from numerous environmental problems. Many parts of the United States, for example, â€Å"face locally severe problems of water restriction† (southern California, Arizona, the Everglades, the Northeast), forest fires which result from â€Å"logging and forest-management practices† (intermontane West), losses of farmlands because of salinization, drought, and climate change (northern Great Plains). It is a fact that the environmental problems which exist nowadays in the United States are still modest compared with those of the rest of the world. But the problems of environmentally devastated and overpopulated distant countries are now American problems as well. (Diamond, Jared) Globalization means nothing more than improved worldwide communications and transport systems and at present America is tightly connected to many overseas countries. Intentionally or unintentionally, such things as terrorists, diseases (AIDS, SARS, cholera, West Nile fever), unstoppable numbers of legal and illegal immigrants can easily travel or be sent from the Third â€Å"Page # 3† World to the United States. Modern America depends considerably on the rest of the world and â€Å"political stability anywhere in the world† now affects the USA and its trade routes, overseas markets and suppliers. The ancient Maya were globalized only within the Yucata? n because of their transportation which was slow, short-distance and had low cargo capacity. We live today in a globalized world because our transport is much more rapid and â€Å"has much higher cargo capacity†. (Diamond, Jared) The reasons why past societies failed to anticipate and solve problems before they developed, â€Å"still can be seen operating today†. On the one hand, it is obvious that the possibility of collapse is not taken seriously by our political elite and society. And even when this problem is recognized, â€Å"those in power may not attempt to solve it because of a clash between their short-term interests and the interests of the rest of us†. Pumping oil, cutting down trees, and catching fish which is dying out bring the elite money and prestige but it is â€Å"bad for society as a whole† in the long run. On the other hand, when the problem is recognized and action is being taken it may be difficult for us â€Å"to acknowledge the wisdom of policies† that clash with some of our current benefits. (Diamond, Jared) III The scientific conclusion of many respected geologists, physicists, and investment bankers around the world as to the future of the present society is not encouraging at all: â€Å"civilization as we know it is coming to an end soon†. (Life After the Oil Crash) Our technology-driven economic system is characterized by a high consumption of renewable and non renewable resources – from food to forests, from fresh water to soil – which are disappearing quickly. (Ehrenfeld, David. The Coming Collapse of the Age of Technology) Modern societies depend on technological development and every part of our technology depends on the energy which comes from fossil fuels; and they supply nearly 75% of the world’s energy. At the rate of consumption that we have today known reserves of petroleum will be gone in about 35 years; natural gas in 52 years; and coal in some 200 years. And the demand for energy is â€Å"expected to grow at an ever-quickening pace†. (Price, David) Modern food production is fossil fuel â€Å"Page # 4† and petrochemical powered; commercial fertilizers are made from ammonia, which in turn is made from natural gas; farming machines such as tractors and trailers are constructed and powered using oil. Goods are manufactured in oil-powered plants and factories and then distributed across oil-powered transportation networks. Apart from transportation and agriculture which are dependent on oil, â€Å"modern medicine, water distribution, and national defense are each entirely powered by oil and petroleum derived chemicals†. Oil is required for all plastics, all computers and all high-tech devices. Tin, iron, gold, silver, copper, platinum, etc are each â€Å"discovered, extracted, transported, and fashioned using oil-powered machinery†. We have no way of producing even alternative systems of energy without an abundant and reliable supply of oil as well as of scaling them to â€Å"the degree necessary to power the modern world†. (Life After the Oil Crash) As we can see from these examples, oil plays the most important part among other fossil fuels in modern technology. However, a rapid decline of oil production capacity can be observed in nearly two dozen countries and more than half of the world’s supply has already been used. The global oil peak is likely to occur before 2010 and it is expected to be â€Å"a trigger for global economic crisis†. (Heinberg, Richard) IV All this points out that our present society is indeed heading towards a certain form of collapse. Starvation, social strife, and disease are likely to be â€Å"operative mechanisms† in the collapse of the human society. They are all consequences of scarce resources and dense population and interact in complex ways. (Price, David) Starvation will be a direct result of the depletion of energy resources. Today’s dense population depends for its food supply â€Å"on mechanized agriculture and efficient transportation†. Energy is used in the production and operation of farm equipment and as well as in the transportation of food to market. With the decrease of efficient energy resources food will be bound to grow more expensive and â€Å"the circle of privileged consumers to whom an adequate supply is available will continue to shrink†. Social strife will be another important consequence of the rising â€Å"Page # 5† cost of commercial energy. When goods are plentiful and â€Å"per-capita access to goods is increasing†, social tensions are usually muted. But when goods become more and more scarce and â€Å"per-capita access to goods is decreasing†, ethnic tensions surface, governments often become authoritarian and goods are usually acquired by criminal means. (Price, David) Public health systems will be crippled by a shortage of resources, too. In the meantime, a dense population will encourage the spread of contagious diseases. Throughout human history there have been many examples of large and dense populations leading to the â€Å"appearance of contagious diseases that evolved to exploit them† (smallpox, measles, the Black death). Today, our population is extremely dense and all parts of the world are tightly linked by air travel. All of this facilitates for new diseases such as AIDS to spread rapidly throughout the world. Moreover, a virus as deadly as AIDS but â€Å"more easily transmissible could appear at any time†. (Price, David) We could go even further to state that environmental problems, depletion of energy resources and increased population growth prove that collapse has already begun and all we can do is to make the best of it. It can occur slowly or quickly, be complete or partial, and controlled or chaotic. What we still can and should do is to make a concerted effort to manage this collapse. It would require changes that must be implemented by political leaders and the whole society: large-scale national and international cooperation is necessary in order to allocate essential resources to prevent deadly competition for them as they become scarce. (Heinberg, Richard) These changes are â€Å"well within our human and technological capacity†. First and foremost, the rate at which resources are being consumed and waste is being generated must be gradually decreased. Our resource use and the rate we are polluting the environment can be considerably reduced if we shift to â€Å"proven more-efficient technologies†. It is crucial that our modern society start making these changes now while fossil fuels and other non-renewable resources still exist. They could be invested â€Å"into building a society and economy based on renewable energy, the careful recycling of materials, and the equitable economic institutions required for a sustainable society†. (Gilman, Robert. Reclaiming â€Å"Page # 6†.Politics) We should also give up striving for â€Å"continuous economic growth† and adopt â€Å"lifestyles of voluntary simplicity†. (Heinberg, Richard) BIBLIOGRAPHY: 1. Diamond, Jared. The Last Americans. Environmental Collapse and the End of Civilization, http://www. mindfully. org/Heritage/2003/Civilization-Collapse-EndJun03. htm (November, 16 2005) 2. Ehrenfeld, David. The Coming Collapse of the Age of Technology, http://garnet. acns. fsu. edu/~jstallin/complex/readings/Ehrenfeld. htm (November, 17 2005) 3. Gilman, Robert. Reclaiming Politics, http://www. context. org/ICLIB/IC30/Gilman. htm (November, 30 2005) 4. Heinberg, Richard. Meditations on Collapse, http://www. museletter. com/archive/154. html (November, 16 2005) 5. Life After the Oil Crash, http://www. lifeaftertheoilcrash. net/ (November, 17 2005) 6. Price, David. Energy and Human Evolution, http://www. energybulletin. net/3917. html (November, 16 2005) 7. Catton, William. Industrialization: Prelude to Collapse, http://www. energybulletin. net/4632. html (November, 17 2005).

Annotated Bibliography on Newberger vs. Pokrass

Introduction The main issue that is discussed in the case is whether a passenger can share the responsibility of the pilot in negligent operation of an aircraft Rules. Pokrass filed a suit regarding the crash and wanted a wage compensation for the lost wages and relief compensation for suffering and pain. Pokrass’ Estate appealed the decision of the court. The court explained that in such cases, the rule of â€Å"the things speak for itself† is used. Recent past events would determine the court’s decision. It is presumed that the element that caused the accident was under the control of the defendant and the accident occurred because of the careless Act. When the accident occurred, Newberger was sitting besides Pokrass and Pokrass said that he was feeling sleepy. Newberger warned Pokrass that the aircraft was about to crash and Pokrass said he knew that. He however did not do anything to control the crash. Ultimately the aircraft crashed and Pokrass died as a result of that. Due to the inefficient and Pokrass’ lethargic attitude, the aircraft crashed. Annotated Bibliography Article 1 Dawna L. Rhoades (2008) Evolution of International Aviation: Phoenix Rising This book lays out the forces that shaped the international aviation industry and the forces that changed all the rules in the drive for liberalization. It also takes a closer look at the numerous interesting and difficult choices that the airline industry and the international aviation industry face. This book also takes a closer look at some of the issues that revolve around the international aviation industry and the law suits filed in relation to the industry. It relates to the case of Newberner Vs Pokrass who had a law suit after the pilot, Pokrass had neglected the air traffic rules and made the aircraft they were flying in to crash. In this case, it was very difficult for the court to make a ruling based on the guidelines that existed in the aviation industry. The court however made their ruling based on the doctrine the things speak for themselves and found Pokrass the pilot to be negligent. The court later awarded Newberner a compensation for the losses that he went through. In the Newberger Vs Pokrass case, it was found that the pilot was negligent. This is evident from the way Pokrass talked to Newberger about his sleepy nature. The determination of res ipsa loquitur which stated that ‘things speak for itself’ was used in the judgment. According to the article the court acted within its mandate to determine the res ipsa loquiur. However, the amount of money that was awarded to Newberger for the wage loss of $20,000 and $55,000 by the jury seemed to be excessive. Pokrass was found to be guilty since the use of the doctrine did not require the plaintiff’s lawyer to prove that the defendant was negligent. It was evident from the occurrence of events that Pokrass was negligent thus causing the accident. He deliberately flew at low altitudes in a hilly terrain and his altimeter setting was faulty. His failure to correct the errors even after being warned by Newberger resulted into the accident. Article 2 Melvin C. Newberger v. Irving M. Pokrass et al. CCH 10 AVI 17,118 (1967) This article looks at the case of Newberger Vs Pokrass from a different perspective. It aims at establishing whether a passenger can take up the responsibility of a pilot incase of some negligence by the pilot. The article outlines the relationship between the occupants of the aircraft when it crashed. According to the article, it can be established that the occupants of the aircraft were Melvin Newberger, William Pokrass (the owner of the aircraft and the pilot) and another friend Barbara Seely. The three were friends and decided to take a flight to Eagle River Wisconsin where Pokrass had a home. The weather condition on this day was unfavorable and therefore had to stop at Oshkosh until the weather cleared. As they were flying Newberger napped and Pokrass also mentioned to him that he too felt sleepy. Newberger woke up and told Pokrass that they were just about to hit the trees. Pokrass neglected him and told him that he was aware about that. He did nothing to avert the crash. Unfo rtunately the aircraft crashed and Pokrass and Seely lost their lives. Newberger filed a suit against Pokrass for loss of wage and pains suffered which he eventually won. Pokrass’ estate moved in to challenge the court decision saying that Newberger could have helped in stopping the crash if he had stayed awake. However they lost as the court established that Pokrass was negligent on several occasions. References Dawna L. Rhoades (2008) Evolution of International Aviation: Phoenix Rising Melvin C. Newberger v. Irving M. Pokrass et al. 118 (1967) CCH 10 AVI 17

The Effects Of Climate Change On The World Essay - 1981 Words

All that needs to be done for a person to see that climate change is upon the world is to look outside. The seasons that used to be defined by their drastically different weather have started to blend into a year-long battle for hot and cold, along with unusual rainfall during typically dry spells. Climate change is the change in global or regional climate patterns. Global warming is the idea that the world is being heated by a few degrees every year brought on by an increase in carbon dioxide levels from the growing use of fossil fuels. Together these two things will begin to change the habitats as we know them and could devastate the world as we know it. There have been many studies on the changing climate, and people have begun to realize how significant of an issue this is in present time. The government and the EPA have released many bulletins on changes that are currently taking place, and have projected that it will only continue to escalate to the point that humankind will h ave a minuscule chance of survival. There are those who do not agree that people are causing the shut-down of the climates, or adding to the breakdown of the ozone layer that protects us from radiation in the atmosphere. Some scientists refuse to accept that taking any preventative measures will have any impact on the climate changes, in lieu of the astounding evidence that points to us being the major contributors of the carbon dioxide buildup in the air. Despite what some scientists believe,Show MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Climate Change On The World856 Words   |  4 Pagessustainable place for future generations? Climate change is happening weather we like it or not, what are we going to do? Mahtma Ghandi once said â€Å" you need to be the change you wish to see in the world†. 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The Evolution of Bullying Over the Years - 882 Words

It is safe to say that everyone has encountered some form of bullying in their lifetime whether they want to admit it or not. It happens to everyone, but to some people it is a regular thing. Bullying has evolved over the years, twenty years ago, the bully would have been the much bigger kids in school, physically bullying a smaller kid. They would even team up to where it was multiple bullies against one kid. While doing my research one thing that kept coming up was that, during the age of â€Å"traditional bullying†, when the victim would stand up to the bully, the bully would start to change their behavior. To be honest I think that is a thing of the past. As technology has advanced and we start to get more and more social media websites such as: Facebook; twitter; or YouTube, we also get what we now know as â€Å"cyberbullying†. According to Merriam-Webster Dictionary, cyberbullying is the electronic posting of mean-spirited messages about a person (as a student) of ten done anonymously (Cyberbullying†). With that being said, cyberbullying can be harsher than traditional bullying, not physically but mentally. Students in today’s society take things others say to heart. If they get called a name they don’t like they will get down in the dumps. But the thing about cyberbullying is, one person can type it up online for everyone to see, then all of those people could possibly make fun of the victim at school. So then we have one initial bully and then a ton of kids â€Å"backing up† thatShow MoreRelatedHow Technology Has Changed Our Society1297 Words   |  6 Pagesand the evolution of human beings will tell us that we as a species have always determined power and control based on physical attributes. 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This is a hard question with various and diverse answers. It is something that people from just about all walks of life have an opinion about. Through the use of a media presentation, he showed the diverse evolution of games; how since 2008, they started to become more rea listic despite the fantasy storylines and worlds. Even in our world, video games have found a way to make things more realistic from the comfort of your home and television. Video games

Psy ch Free Essays

The following are all examples of descriptive research EXCEPT: (Points : case studies. Correlation research design. Naturalistic observations. We will write a custom essay sample on Psy ch or any similar topic only for you Order Now Surveys. Question 2. 2. A scientist studied whether climate affected growth in rats. All rats were the same age and from the same parent rats. For the study, they were raised in three distinct climates: tropical, arctic, and multinationals. In this study, the climates are categorical variables . (Points : 1) dependent variables independent variables extraneous variables Question 3. . Changes based on biological and psychological forces are functions of roommate age-graded influences cultural and age-graded Influences normative and cultural influences biological and cultural influences Question 4. 4. Professor stone follows patterns as they relate to human habitats, development, and behaviors. She is an evolutionist an ideologist a behavioral a cognitive Question 5. 5. In a hypothetical study, researchers found that 5. 7 out of 10 people preferred dogs to cats. These data results are statistically significant statistically insignificant statistically relevant statistically Indeterminable Question 6. 6. Surveys: (Points : 1) are self-reporting and always reliable. FIFO reporting and may result in dishonest or unreliable results. Returns with reliable results. Question 7. 7. The Law of Effect is the foundation for psychodrama theory psychosocial theory behavioral theory ecological systems theory provide nearly 100% Question 8. 8. You have observed and noted the behaviors of one learner in your classroom, who you believe to have a learning disability. You take detailed notes over a designated period of time, with time and date stamps identifying significant reference markers, improvements, or other changes in learning achievement and behaviors. By following this protocol you have conducted empirical study a case study a phenomenological study a comparison study Question 9. 9. Thomas is a teacher who guides his students gradually and only as they require. His students’ learning grows on the foundational building blocks in a scaffolding fashion within a zone of proximal development. Thomas adheres to the reciprocal process as theorized by Freud Bandeau Woos KY Erikson Question 10. 0. Many people believe that vaccines cause autism. This is an example of a proven theory an inaccurate theory a folk theory a research theory Question 1 1. 11 . Gender is a social construct referencing cultural behavioral expectations for men and women. (Points : 1) True False Question 12. 12. Is a theorist who believed in a psychosocial model in (P oints : 1) Frontbencher Question 13. 13. When evaluating sources, the following is true: (Points : 1) Begin with wick sources as the first step. You can always rely on governmental or educational sources. Blobs and news sources are rarely sufficient for academic study. Skepticism is not always accessory. Question 14. 14. Psychosocial development considers personality, social, and emotional factors temperament, cognitive, and physical factors emotional, temperament, and cognitive factors temperament, social, and cognitive factors Question 15. 15. Puberty is a function of development physical development maturation emotional development psychosocial Question 16. 16. Jenny is a single mother of three, whose children range between the ages of 6 and 16. She has decided to return to school at the age of 45. Her circumstances are examples of graded influences normative influences roommate maturation Question 17. 7. Cognition refers to the way about other people normative history- . (Points : 1) people think people process language, thought, and problem solving people believe in intelligence people use mnemonic devices for memory Question 18. 18. In a hypothetical study on the effects of aging in older adults, 100 a representative sample an aggregate sampl e an age-appropriate sample a random sample Question 19. 19. A researcher studied children and noticed that most advanced in a fixed set of maturational or developmental stages, and that they were predictable by hierological age rather than in a relative or variable sequence. The researcher’s hypothesis reflects the theory of Pigged Question 20. 20. By the statement, â€Å"Stages of adult development are social constructs,† the text means that consistent across cultures life stages are development is linked to chronological age each culture or society identifies markers, which may or may not be consistent with chronological age, for maturation or adult development maturation markers are consistent with chronological age across all cultures, regarding maturation or adult development How to cite Psy ch, Papers

Othello Noble Moor or Dangerous Savage Essay Example For Students

Othello: Noble Moor or Dangerous Savage Essay When looking at this question, we need to evaluate Othellos character throughout the events of the play and consider the different settings and ordeals to which he is subjected. In the opinion of A C Bradley, Othello is not naturally jealous but trusting in Iago whereas F R Leavis considers the tragedy to be Othellos character in action. That Iago uses and manipulates the Moor during the play is obvious and Iago himself proclaims this in following him, I follow but myself. ACT I.1.59. One must consider whether the radical change displayed by Othello is a result of Iagos manipulations and incitements. The natural trust in his ensign may have resulted in Othellos downfall or it may be possible that Othello truly was hiding his savage nature. By considering Othello a Noble Moor, he is then, a man with high ideals whose courage and selflessness are impressive to those around him. The reference to Moor could be taken as a description of his origins (Moroccan) or a racial insinuation. For him to be labelled a Dangerous Savage, he would have to display primitive, violent and cruel actions. He would also have to be considered by others as a man who is comparatively primitive in social and cultural development. On close reading, it is arguable that Othellos character displays the former, the latter or both of these traits, depending on ones own personal view and the consideration of whether or not one finds Iago to be consequential to the outcome of the play. Othello was written in about 1604 and deals with the issues of race, jealousy, hatred and murder through a compelling love story. To polite Elizabethan society, the acceptance of Moors was not always agreeable. It is quite likely that the race was misunderstood and even feared, attitudes which are reflected by some of the characters in the play. Othello, a Moor and the highly respected leader of the army, has fallen in love with a Venetian senators daughter, Desdemona. The two secretly marry, much to her fathers disapproval. When a war breaks in Cyprus, Othello is called away taking his new bride with him. It is there that the plot unfolds. Iago, Othellos chief ensign, convinces the Moor that Desdemona has committed adultery with Cassio, his lieutenant, which ultimately leads to her demise and Othellos own downfall. It is this deceit and Iagos motiveless malignity * that shows us Othellos degeneration from nobility to savagery. At the beginning of the play, Othello is shown to be a noble man and highly respected leader. He is well regarded by the senate, shown by the fact that they wish him to command in Cyprus. Othello also shows his eloquence himself, through his use of courtly language. Indeed, throughout the play, Othellos character makes use of that which is often termed the Othello music suffice to say, he speaks with an articulate quality matched by no other; Most potent, grave, and reverend signiors ACT I.3.76 Only Othello is truly given this use of language and his eloquent speeches and richness of imagery help to lead the audience in beginning to regard him differently to the other characters of the play. At this point, Othello can justly be seen to be a Noble Moor. Othellos leadership qualities, which have given rise to such an esteemed reputation, are also shown in Act I. Having only just married Desdemona, he shows no resistance in being posted abroad simply telling her We must obey the time ACT I. 3.296. By this, Othello shows his ability to co-ordinate and assume priorities between his professional and personal lives. Desdemona is truly in love with her husband and her willingness to elope and marry in secret shows her bravery and true commitment to Othello. She speaks highly of him from her first speech in the play;Due to the Moor my lord ACT I. 3. 187 until her last Commend me to my kind lord. O farewell! ACT V. 2. 126 in which she defends Othello for murdering her. It is possible that Desdemona has been deceived by Othellos courtly romancing, but surely, she could not be so naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve that she did not recognise concealment of a truly savage nature. It is arguable that of all the characters, Desdemona, his wife, should know Othellos true temperament and feelings since these must be considered her reasons for becoming his bride. William Shakespeare, a terrific and an outstanding author EssayThat Cassio loves her, I do well believet; That she loves him, tis apt and of great credit. ACT II. 1.267-8 Due to his own experience of being made to feel a cuckold by Emilias supposed adultery, he may feel deep in his confused heart that by warning Othello, he is indeed acting in his masters best interests. This view is unlikely given that Iago is shown to be truly evil by his refusal to speak in Act five. However, the view of Leavis does in part support this in that he deems Othello far too quick to respond to Iagos machinations and points to the fact that it is Othellos weaknesses rather that Iagos strengths which lead to disaster. Othello and Desdemona have been married for a very short period that fact and considering Othello is more used to the ways of his soldiers than that of courtly Venetian women, shows how his relationship with his wife can be seen as inherently weak. Othello begins to regard himself as an unworthy husband to Desdemona. As shown in many theatre productions, we are led to understand that he is her senior by many years and Othellos own insecurities regarding his race and other suitors, which she had the opportunity to marry become apparent; haply for I am black, And have not those soft parts of conversation That chamberers have ACT III. 3.265-267 By the penultimate act of the play, Othellos use of courtly speech and verse virtually disappears and begins instead to reflect that of Iago; You are most welcome, sir, to Cyprus. Goats and Monkeys! ACT IV. 1 254 . Othellos inner turmoil is now continually on his mind and begins to interfere with his duties regarding the visiting Venetians a situation that the previously calm Othello would never have permitted. His obsession is so consuming that he even strikes Desdemona in the company of Lodovico. That the Venetians surprise at this event is so great, does testify that this side of Othello is previously unknown, if it ever existed before; this would not be believed in Venice,/Though I should swear I sawt ACT IV. 1. 232-3 but his actions can now be termed brutal and violent so indeed he does seem to have become a Dangerous Savage. Once Iago is apprehended and removed from the focus of the play, it as if his spell (or perhaps curse) is broken. Othello reverts to his former eloquence and redeems himself in his final speech by accounting himself as a man who loved not wisely but too well ACT V.2. 340 this shows how Iago manipulated Othellos own self-confessed weaknesses. Othellos final speech can however, be viewed with in less forgiving light as in that of Leavis, there seems to be no learning through suffering. Othello does not express regret at killing his wife but he does in fact forgive himself and justify his actions. Rather than admitting to his mistakes and learning from them, Othello considers himself the victim and for a man who wishes to be seen as courageous, is permitted the ideal suicide; Set you down thisAnd smote him thus. ACT V. 2 347-52 I personally feel that Othello is not entirely primitive in social and cultural development but a man whose exchange for a life of brave leadership in warfare to that of inexperience in courtly love, led to the realisation of his own weaknesses. His inability to deal with a situation in which he did not command absolute control gave sway to his inherent feelings of insecurity resulting in actions the like of which he could not have foreseen. His eloquence and calm commands show his natural nobility. However, his violent fits of rage convey the inner savage that his insecurities have created but do not reflect his character in its entirety. There is no question that some savage qualities exist, however they only become apparent because of the astonishing nature of Iagos manipulations and his ultimate desire for Othellos destruction.